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目的对广州市部分企业噪声作业工人听力损失现况进行分析,以达到保护工人听力的目的。方法以部分企业长期接触噪声的440名工人为研究对象,测量等效A声级(LAeq)。按等能量原则将LAeq和噪声作业工龄合并计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE);用logistic回归模型分析听力损失的相关因素。结果作业环境噪声强度超标率为41.20%,噪声强度均值为(89.30±4.57)dB(A)。440例噪声作业工人听力损失检出率为23.86%,听力损失与耳塞防护、工龄、年龄和CNE存在正相关关系(P<0.05)。非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、工龄可能是听力损失的危险因素(偏回归系数为正值,OR值>1)。结论在有佩戴耳塞防护的情况下,CNE作为听力损失的评价指标不敏感,佩戴耳塞仍是目前最好的防护措施。
Objective To analyze the current situation of hearing loss of noise-exposed workers in some enterprises in Guangzhou in order to protect workers’ hearing ability. Methods A total of 440 workers with long-term exposure to noise in some enterprises were studied, and the equivalent A-sound level (LAeq) was measured. According to the principle of equal energy, LAeq and noise working age were combined to calculate cumulative noise exposure (CNE); logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of hearing loss. Results The rate of over-standard noise in operating environment was 41.20%, and the mean value of noise intensity was (89.30 ± 4.57) dB (A). The detection rate of hearing loss among the 440 noise workers was 23.86%. There was a positive correlation between hearing loss and ear protection, length of service, age and CNE (P <0.05). Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that age and seniority of service may be risk factors for hearing loss (partial regression coefficient is positive, OR> 1). Conclusions CNE is not sensitive to the assessment of hearing loss when wearing earplug protection. It is still the best precaution to wear earplugs.