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若将1609年伽利略使用望远镜观察月球作为以观察和实验为基础的现代物理学的起点,近400年来,科学技术获得了巨大的发展,经典物理学对宏观世界给出了几乎完美的描述,同时,由于科学技术的发展和人类认识水平的不断提高,经典物理的知识体系已远远不能满足人们认识世界的需要,随人们认识世界、改造世界的经验积累,20世纪物理学取得了两个划时代的发展——创立了相对论和量子力学,并使之分别成为认识高速、微观领域的利器。
In the 400 years since the beginning of Galileo’s telescope observation of the moon in 1609 as an observation-experiment-based modern physics, great progress has been made in science and technology. Classical physics gives an almost perfect description of the macro world, Due to the development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of human cognition, the knowledge system of classical physics can not meet the needs of people’s understanding of the world. With the accumulated experience of people in understanding and rebuilding the world, the 20th century physics has made two epoch- Development - the creation of the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics, and make them become aware of high-speed, micro-areas of the weapon.