沉积物捕获器是用来收集水体中自然沉降颗粒物的一种现场监测仪器,在研究海洋与湖泊现代沉积过程与生物地球化学循环过程上具有重要价值.本文在综述了沉积物捕获器的产生背景与主要类型的基础上,详细论述了沉积物捕获器的采样偏差来源和校准方法,阐述了沉积物捕获器在海洋与国外湖泊沉降颗粒物研究中的应用,旨在为正确使用沉积物捕获器、深刻理解沉积物捕获器在海洋与湖泊现代沉积过程与生物地球化学循环过程研究中的重要作用提供较为详尽的参考. “,”Sediment traps are rain gauge-like instruments that are intended to capture sinking particles as they settle through the water column. They are used to quantify not only the flux patterns with space, time and depth, but also to serve as collectors for sampling sinking particles for chemical and physical analysis. Sediment traps are valuable tools for investigating modern sedimentation and biogeochemical processes in oceans and lakes. In this paper, a history of the production, development and application of sediment trap techniques is briefly reviewed, with special emphasis on the accuracy issues including the trap hydrodynamics, the problem of zooplankton “swimmers”, and the solubilization of material after collection and prior to sample processing and trap calibration methods. A summary of recommendations for best practices and ways to compensate for biases is also provided. In addition, the published literatures on the use of sediment traps in oceans and foreign lakes are briefly reviewed, with a view to providing detailed references for correct usage of sediment traps and to better understanding the significance of sediment traps in investigating modern sedimentation and biogeochemical processes in oceans and lakes.