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目的分析早产发生的主要因素及其对母儿的影响、早产的分娩方式。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属复兴医院2009年1月-2010年12月分娩早产病历198例,寻找早产原因,对早产与足月两种分娩方式进行比较分析。结果胎膜早破(PPROM)占早产总数的38.38%;子痫前期占17.68%;双胎及多胎妊娠占11.11%,有21.21%的早产无明显原因可寻。胎膜早破是引发早产的主要原因。早产分娩产后出血、新生儿窒息、新生儿死亡明显高于足月分娩(P<0.01)。两组剖宫产率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两种分娩方式对早产儿发病率、死亡率比较差异无统计学意义。结论胎膜早破是造成早产的重要原因,早产是新生儿死亡的主要原因,重视胎膜早破,预防早产,降低围产儿死亡率是保证新生儿健康成长的重要措施。
Objective To analyze the main causes of preterm birth and its impact on maternal and childbirth, mode of delivery of premature labor. Methods A retrospective analysis of 198 cases of premature births in Fuxing Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2009 to December 2010 was conducted to find out the causes of premature delivery and to compare the two modes of delivery. Results Premature premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) accounted for 38.38% of the total preterm birth; preeclampsia accounted for 17.68%; twins and multiple pregnancies accounted for 11.11%, 21.21% of the premature birth without obvious causes can be found. Premature rupture of membranes is the main reason for premature birth. Prenatal delivery of postpartum hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal mortality was significantly higher than full-term delivery (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in cesarean section rate between the two groups (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in morbidity and mortality between two modes of delivery in premature infants. Conclusion Premature rupture of membranes is an important cause of premature birth. Premature labor is the main cause of neonatal death. Premature rupture of membranes, prevention of premature rupture of membranes, and prevention of perinatal mortality are important measures to ensure the healthy growth of neonates.