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目的:了解武威市结核病(TB)患者膳食多样化水平及各类营养素摄入情况。方法:选取武威市结核患者826名,由统一培训的结核病防治科医生,进行面对面的问卷调查,应用食物频率表收集调查对象消费的食物种类;24小时膳食回顾法收集调查对象膳食营养素摄入情况。采用9大类食物评价膳食多样化,每周食用一种食物计1分,最多为9种食物计9分。结果:膳食多样化评分(DDS)结果显示,分值为7分及以上的人群达到了51.5%,其中得分7分的人群达到总人数的33.3%,有48.5%不足7分,即没有达到膳食多样化。鱼虾类和豆类消费率最低,分别仅为6.7%和44.3%。能量及营养素分析结果显示:结核病患者每日能量和蛋白质摄入量分别为1563.9 kcal和60.6 g,仅达到推荐摄入量(RNI)的65.16%和80.67%,除了铁、锰、磷元素的摄入量达到了RNI之外,其余维生素及矿物质每日摄入量均不足,尤以视黄醇(122.2μg)和钙(224.7 mg)最低,分别为RNI的15.28%和28.09%。膳食纤维、抗坏血酸和核黄素的摄入水平均不足RNI的50%。结论:武威市结核病患者膳食结构不均衡。建议积极改善营养、调整膳食结构,加强膳食营养相关知识的健康宣教,有效防治结核病。
Objective: To understand the level of dietary diversification and various nutrient intake of tuberculosis (TB) in Wuwei city. Methods: A total of 826 tuberculosis patients in Wuwei city were enrolled in this study. The TB trainees who were trained in this field conducted a face-to-face questionnaire and used the food frequency table to collect the food consumed by the respondents. The 24-hour dietary recalls collected the dietary nutrient intake of the respondents . Nine categories of food were used to evaluate dietary diversification. One meal per week for food, and a maximum of nine meals for nine. Results: Dietary Diversification Score (DDS) showed that 51.5% of the population with a score of 7 and above achieved 33.3% of the total population and 48.5% of the population with a score of 7, ie, they did not reach the diet diversification. The lowest consumption rate of fish and shrimps and beans was only 6.7% and 44.3% respectively. Energy and nutrient analysis showed that the daily energy and protein intake of TB patients were 1563.9 kcal and 60.6 g, respectively, reaching only 65.16% and 80.67% of the recommended intake (RNI), except for the intake of iron, manganese and phosphorus The intake of RNI reached beyond RNI. The other daily intakes of vitamins and minerals were not enough. The lowest intake of retinol (122.2 μg) and calcium (224.7 mg) were the lowest, which were 15.28% and 28.09% of RNI respectively. Dietary fiber, ascorbic acid and riboflavin intake levels are less than 50% of RNI. Conclusion: The diet of TB patients in Wuwei City is not balanced. It is suggested that we should actively improve nutrition, adjust dietary structure, strengthen health education on dietary nutrition-related knowledge and effectively prevent and control tuberculosis.