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目的掌握细菌性痢疾流行特征,为制定防控措施提供依据。方法对湖北省竹山县近12年细菌性痢疾疫情进行统计,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2005—2016年竹山县共报告细菌性痢疾288例,年均报告发病率5.17/10万,无死亡病例报告。报告发病率以2006年最高(17.41/10万),2016年无病例报告。疫情分布于17个乡镇,年均报告发病率以竹坪乡(13.73/10万)和城关镇(9.84/10万)为高。四季均有发病,主要集中于7~10月,占发病总数的56.94%(164/288)。男性发病高于女性,发病年龄以0~4岁最高,占45.14%(130/288)。结论竹山县细菌性痢疾发病率自2008年起呈稳步下降趋势。为巩固防治成果,应进一步加强生活饮用水监测和监督管理,改善农村卫生条件,保护好水源。同时要加强肠道传染病防治知识宣传,在5~10月要加大防控工作力度,加强疫情监测,将可疑患者特别是夏秋季肠炎病人列为隔离管理对象,以及时发现、报告和管理传染源,控制疫情传播。
Objective To grasp the epidemic characteristics of bacterial dysentery and provide the basis for the development of prevention and control measures. Methods The epidemic situation of bacillary dysentery in Zhushan County of Hubei Province in the past 12 years was statistically analyzed and described by epidemiological method. Results A total of 288 cases of bacterial dysentery were reported in Zhushan County from 2005 to 2016, with an average annual incidence of 5.17 / 100,000 and no deaths. Reported incidence in 2006 the highest (17.41 / 100,000), 2016 no case report. The outbreaks were distributed in 17 townships and the average annual incidence was reported to be high in Zhuping Township (13.73 / 100,000) and Chengguan Township (9.84 / 100,000). Four seasons have the incidence, mainly in the 7 to October, accounting for 56.94% of the total incidence (164/288). The incidence of males was higher than that of females, and the age of onset was highest in 0 ~ 4 years old, accounting for 45.14% (130/288). Conclusion The incidence of bacterial dysentery in Zhushan County has been decreasing steadily since 2008. In order to consolidate the results of prevention and treatment, we should further strengthen the monitoring and supervision of domestic drinking water, improve the sanitary conditions in rural areas and protect the water. At the same time to strengthen awareness of prevention and treatment of intestinal infectious diseases, in 5 to 10 months to step up prevention and control efforts to strengthen epidemic monitoring, suspicious patients, especially in summer and autumn enteritis patients as a management object of isolation, and timely detection, reporting and management Infectious sources, control the spread of the epidemic.