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目的了解2000—2014年重庆市中小学生视力不良和疑似近视状况及发展趋势,为防控青少年近视提供依据。方法利用2000,2005,2010,2014年4次全国学生体质与健康调研数据,对重庆市7~18岁中小学生视力不良和疑似近视检出情况进行动态观察。结果重庆市7~18岁男、女生14年间视力不良检出率分别增长了20.06,15.53百分点,疑似近视检出率分别增长了20.35,17.26百分点。2014年重庆市7~18岁男、女生视力不良检出率随年龄增长而逐渐升高,分别为55.81%,58.11%,女生高于男生(χ2=3.90,P<0.05);城、乡学生视力不良检出率分别为63.31%,50.61%,城市高于乡村(χ2=118.32,P<0.01);不同社会经济发展片区中,“好片”“中片”“差片”学生视力不良检出率分别为66.21%,52.04%,52.63%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=,P<0.05)。视力不良学生中,98.37%属于疑似近视,疑似近视检出的现状和趋势与视力不良基本一致。结论重庆市中小学生视力不良和疑似近视检出率呈持续增长趋势,应从学龄初开始采取综合性防治措施,鼓励青少年积极参加室外活动和体育锻炼,延缓近视程度在青春期阶段的迅速加深。
Objective To understand the status and development trend of poor eyesight and suspected myopia of primary and secondary school students in Chongqing from 2000 to 2014 and to provide the basis for prevention and control of juvenile myopia. Methods The data of 4 national students’ physique and health survey in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2014 were used to observe the detection of poor eyesight and suspected myopia among primary and secondary school students aged 7-18 in Chongqing. Results The detection rate of visual acuity in male and female aged 7-18 years in Chongqing increased by 20.06 and 15.53 percentage points respectively in 14 years, and the detection rate of suspected myopia increased by 20.35 and 17.26 percentage points respectively. In 2014, the prevalence of visual impairment in boys and girls aged 7-18 years in Chongqing increased gradually with age, which were 55.81% and 58.11%, respectively, and girls were higher than boys (χ2 = 3.90, P <0.05). Urban and rural students The detection rates of poor eyesight were 63.31% and 50.61%, respectively, higher in urban areas than in rural areas (χ2 = 118.32, P <0.01). In different socio-economic development areas, "Students with poor vision were detected 66.21%, 52.04%, 52.63%, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =, P <0.05). Among the visually impaired students, 98.37% belonged to suspected myopia, and the status quo and tendency of suspected myopia were basically consistent with those with poor eyesight. Conclusion The prevalence of poor eyesight and suspected myopia in primary and secondary school students in Chongqing shows a trend of increasing continuously. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken from the beginning of school age to encourage young people to participate actively in outdoor activities and physical exercises, and retard the rapid deepening of myopia in adolescence.