目的　探讨人甲状腺中是否存在促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH)及促性腺激素释放激素受体 (GnRH R)并细胞定位 ,试图从转录及翻译水平讨论人甲状腺可否合成GnRH及GnRH R ,为探讨GnRH可能影响甲状腺的功能提供形态学依据。　方法　采用免疫组织化学法和原位杂交技术。　结果　所测人正常甲状腺组织均呈较强的GnRH和GnRH R免疫反应阳性 ,甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞、滤泡旁细胞均为阳性细胞。免疫反应阳性物质主要分布在阳性细胞胞质内 ,胞核呈阴性。原位杂交结果同免疫组织化学染色基本一致 :甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞胞质和滤泡旁细胞胞质可检测到较强的GnRHmRNA及GnRH RmRNA阳性杂交信号。胞核均呈阴性 ,未检测到杂交信号。　结论　人甲状腺不仅表达GnRH和GnRH R ,而且可以自身合成GnRH和GnRH R。GnRH可能以自分泌的方式影响甲状腺的生理功能 Objective To investigate whether human gonadotropin (GnRH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRH R) are located in the human thyroid gland and to locate the cell in order to discuss whether human thyroid can synthesize GnRH and GnRH R at the transcriptional and translational levels. Morphological evidence may be provided to influence thyroid function. Methods Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were used. Results The measured normal thyroid tissue showed strong GnRH and GnRH R immunoreactivity, thyroid follicular epithelial cells, parafollicular cells were positive cells. Immunoreactive substances are mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of positive cells, the nucleus was negative. In situ hybridization results were consistent with immunohistochemical staining: strong GnRH mRNA and GnRH R mRNA positive hybridization signals were detected in the cytoplasm of thyroid follicular epithelial cells and in the parafollicular cells. The nuclei were negative, no hybridization signal was detected. Conclusion Human thyroid gland not only express GnRH and GnRH R, but also synthesize GnRH and GnRHR by themselves. GnRH may affect thyroid physiological function in an autocrine manner