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研究主应力变化对深部巷道围岩变形破坏特征的影响是巷道支护中非常必要的。以某矿处于深部高水平应力条件下的巷道围岩为工程背景,以大尺度三维相似材料模拟试验系统和制作的主方向应力传感器量测工具,采用“先加载后卸载”的开挖方式模拟主应力大小和方向演化影响下的有支护巷道围岩产生剪切滑移的变形破坏特征。研究表明,在高水平应力环境下巷道在掘进开挖过程中顶底板受挤压剪切作用产生变形破坏,破坏范围呈现“楔形”渐进发展;通过模型剖切面发现巷道围岩顶底板产生了不同数量的对称螺旋状剪切滑移裂缝,并向巷道两帮发展并交叉,将巷道围岩形成一定范围的剪切破坏区域;通过分析主应力大小及方向的演化可知,巷道围岩受高水平应力作用形成的剪切滑移裂缝破坏与主应力大小及方向演化存在必然联系,认为最小主应力的调整对剪切滑移裂缝的形成起到了重要作用。
It is very necessary to study the influence of main stress variation on the deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock in deep roadway. Taking the surrounding rock of roadway under the condition of a high level of stress in the deep part of the mine as the engineering background, a large-scale three-dimensional similar material simulation test system and a main directional stress sensor measuring tool are used, and excavation with “unloading after first loading” Mode to simulate the deformation and failure characteristics of shearing and slipping produced by surrounding rock with supporting roadway under the influence of principal stress and direction evolution. The research shows that under the high stress environment, the roof and floor of the roadway undergo deformation and failure under the action of crushing and shearing during the excavation and excavation, and the damage range shows a gradual development of “wedge”. Through the sectioning of the model, the roof and floor of the surrounding rock of the roadway are produced Different numbers of symmetrical helical shear slip cracks were formed and the two sides of the roadway were developed and crossed to form a certain range of shear failure area in the surrounding rock of the roadway. By analyzing the evolution of the principal stress magnitude and direction, The shear-slip fracture damage caused by the high level of stress is inextricably linked with the magnitude of principal stress and the evolution of direction. It is considered that the adjustment of minimum principal stress plays an important role in the formation of shear-slip fracture.