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通过测量从淬火铝合金厚板上取出的一定大小的试样以测量原始铝合金厚板的残余应力值作为一种广泛使用的方法,在层削法、裂纹柔度法、X射线衍射法和中子衍射法中均有应用。以层削法为例,针对由于采用不同尺寸的试样而对7075铝合金厚板残余应力测量结果产生的影响进行了仿真分析和实验研究。结果表明,取样的尺寸对铝合金厚板残余应力的测量结果有重要影响。当试样在长宽方向上的尺寸小于2倍的“特征距离”(等于试样的厚度)时,试样将丧失保持原铝合金厚板真实残余应力的能力,测量结果将严重偏离真实值。基于此,在任何针对淬火铝合金厚板的残余应力测量方法中,当需要使用一定大小的试样对原铝合金厚板残余应力进行测量时,都必须保证试样在长宽方向上的尺寸大于2倍的“特征距离”。
As a widely used method for measuring the residual stress value of the original aluminum alloy plate by measuring a sample of a certain size taken out from the quenched aluminum alloy plate, the layer thickness, crack flexibility, X-ray diffraction and Neutron diffraction methods are used. Taking the layer cutting method as an example, the simulation analysis and experimental research on the influence of the residual stress measurement results of the 7075 aluminum alloy plate due to the different sizes of the samples are carried out. The results show that the size of the sample has an important effect on the measurement of the residual stress of aluminum alloy plate. When the specimen is less than twice the “feature distance” (equal to the thickness of the specimen) in the length and width directions, the specimen will lose its ability to retain the true residual stresses of the primary aluminum alloy plate and the measurement will deviate significantly actual value. Based on this, in any residual stress measurement method for quenched aluminum alloy slabs, when the residual stress of the primary aluminum alloy slab is to be measured using a sample of a certain size, it is necessary to ensure the dimensions of the sample in the length and width directions Greater than 2 times the “feature distance”.