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3·1 气缸和气缸盖的设计发动机气缸是影响发动机性能的重要零件。从材质方面考虑,分为铸铁气缸、铸入铸铁缸套的铝气缸和内表面镀铬的铸铝气缸,决定采用哪种气缸要根据用途和价格而定。在风冷发动机上,如图31所示,在气缸外周必须具有散热片、设有进气口、扫气口和排气口。图中:L—实际压缩行程(从排气口E_x关闭时开始); p——实际压缩比; V——实际工作容积; V_0——压缩后的燃烧室容积; V_1——气缸盖上的燃烧室容积; V_2——气缸垫容积; V_3——活塞顶体积。
3.1 Cylinder and Cylinder Head Design Engine cylinders are important components that affect engine performance. Considered from the material side, it is divided into cast iron cylinder, cast aluminum cylinder of cast iron cylinder liner and chrome-plated cast aluminum cylinder on the inner surface, and decide which cylinder to use according to the purpose and price. On an air-cooled engine, as shown in Figure 31, a heat sink must be provided on the outer circumference of the cylinder, with air intake, scavenging, and exhaust. In the figure: L - the actual compression stroke (from the exhaust port E_x closed at the beginning); p - the actual compression ratio; V - the actual working volume; V_0 - the compressed combustion chamber volume; V_1 - cylinder head Combustion chamber volume; V_2 - Cylinder pad volume; V_3 - Piston top volume.