忏悔、救赎,是西方思想和文学的一个重要主题。他们的忏悔是一种宗教行为,指向的是天国。古代中国也有忏悔意识,但它不是一种宗教行为,而是一种道德行为。它指向的是人、特别是士大夫阶层与社会的关系。在居与处、进与退,修齐治平与独善其身之间的犹疑、矛盾和检讨。西风东渐之后,特别是五四新文化运动之后,中国先进的知识分子主动接受了西方的思想观念,特别是对人的完善有了全新的认识。他们的思想不仅仅停留在人与社会的关系 Repentance, salvation, is an important theme of Western thought and literature. Their confession is a religious act, pointing to the kingdom of heaven. Ancient China also has the awareness of repentance, but it is not a religious act, but a moral act. It points to the relationship between people, especially the scholar-class and society. Hesitation, contradiction and review between living and working, moving forward and retreating, and repairing and rehabilitating one’s own beings. After the westerly eastward movement, especially after the May Fourth New Culture Movement, advanced Chinese intellectuals took the initiative to accept western ideas and concepts and, in particular, had a completely new understanding of human perfection. Their thinking does not stop at the relationship between man and society