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福山喜欢重大题目,而且一向看得很准。首先是历史的终结,现在又是我们的整个社会秩序正处于重建之中。《大混乱》一书认为,从60年代中期直到90年代初,西方社会经历了道德内聚力的急速丧失,而这种现象威胁到自由主义民主政体的社会结构。这种危机的指标是城市犯罪水平不断上升,亲属关系日趋紧张,人口出生率不断下降,离婚和私生率居高不下,以及对公共机构的不信任日甚一日——凡此种种对北美和西欧来说是司空见惯的。福山先生认为,这些现象是某种单一过程的许多彼此密切相关的征兆,是“社会资本”或者一系列使人类能为了互利而相互合作的非正式价值观念的衰落。
Fukuyama likes big issues and has always been very accurate. The first is the end of history, and now it is our entire social order that is undergoing reconstruction. According to The Great Confusion, Western societies experienced a rapid loss of moral cohesion from the mid-1960s until the early 1990s, a phenomenon that threatened the social fabric of liberal democracies. The indicators of this crisis are the rising levels of urban criminality, growing tensions in kinship, declining birth rates, high rates of divorce and child smuggling, and growing mistrust of public institutions - It is commonplace in Western Europe. Mr. Fukuyama argues that these phenomena are many closely interrelated signs of a single process and are “social capital” or a series of declines in informal values that humankind can cooperate with for mutual benefit.