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在特定的条件下,法律允许他人自由使用著作权作品而不必征得著作权人的同意,也不必向著作权人支付报酬的情形,在著作权法领域被称之为合理使用。合理使用是调整作者、传播者、使用者在行使著作权及邻接权过程中矛盾与冲突的一项利益均衡制度,具有平等性、公平性、公益性、合理性的法律价值。然而其“合理性”之判断标准却面临着立法上的缺陷以及司法上的困境,学界也尚未形成统一的理论。本文将从介绍各国“合理性判断标准”主要立法模式入手,在结合外国立法经验的基础上对我国相关立法进行分析,进而对合理使用之构成要件进行论述。
Under certain conditions, the law allows others to freely use the copyrighted work without obtaining the consent of the copyright owner and without paying remuneration to the copyright owner and is said to be reasonably used in the field of copyright law. Fair use is a balanced system of interests that adjusts the contradictions and conflicts between authors, communicators and users in the exercise of their copyright and neighboring rights, and has the legal value of equality, fairness, public welfare and rationality. However, the criterion of “reasonableness” is confronted with legislative defects as well as judicial difficulties. Academics have not yet formed a unified theory yet. This article starts with the introduction of the major legislative models of “judgmental standards of reasonableness” in various countries, analyzes the relevant legislation in our country based on the experience of foreign legislation, and then discusses the components of rational use.