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目的了解伊宁市中小学生近视与遗传的关系,为能有效防治提供参考依据。方法采用随机整群抽样方法,在2015-2016年对伊宁市随机抽样的6所学校(市区和镇区各3所)进行问卷调查及视力筛查;采用SPSS 19.0软件及Falconer法进行统计分析。结果 2 879名学生中,近视学生997名(占34.6%);不同族别、不同性别、不同学习阶段的学生近视患病分布情况的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);近视学生二级亲属遗传度高于一级亲属遗传度,重度近视学生的遗传度较高(0.560 4±0.066 3);汉族学生遗传度(0.487 1±0.026 5)高于维族学生、女生遗传度(0.487 1±0.026 5)高于男生、小学生遗传度(0.611 9±0.045 0)高于中学生。结论有近视家族史的学生比无家族史的学生更容易发生近视。
Objective To understand the relationship between myopia and heredity in primary and secondary school students in Yining, and to provide a reference for effective prevention and treatment. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to conduct questionnaire survey and screening of eyesight in 6 schools (3 in urban and 3 townships) randomly sampled in Yining city from 2015 to 2016. SPSS 19.0 software and Falconer method were used for statistics analysis. Results Among 2 879 students, 997 were myopia students (34.6%). There were significant differences in the distribution of myopia among students of different ethnic groups, different genders and stages of learning (P <0.05) The heritability of relatives was higher than the heritability of first-degree relatives, and the heritability of severe myopia was higher (0.560 4 ± 0.066 3). The heritability of Han students (0.487 1 ± 0.026 5) was higher than that of Uygur students (0.487 1 ± 0.026 5) Higher than boys, the heritability of primary school children (0.611 9 ± 0.045 0) is higher than that of middle school students. Conclusions Students with a family history of myopia are more likely to have myopia than those without a family history.