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目的调查北京市海淀区农村自备井生活饮用水的微生物学状态及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,对2010-2014年海淀区农村自备井的生活饮用水进行采样,依据《生活,饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)对微生物指标进行评价,分析自备井的深度、井周围的污染源和消毒设施运转状态对微生物指标合格率的影响,数据之间的比较采用χ~2检验。结果共采集水样911份,微生物指标合格率为94.51%;井深超过60 m的自备井微生物指标合格率高于井深小于60 m的自备井(2012年:χ~2=18.25,P<0.001;2013年:χ~2=27.33,P<0.001;2014年:χ~2=27.89,P<0.001);井周围50 m以内无污染源的自备井微生物指标合格率高于井周围50 m以内有污染源的自备井(2011年:χ~2=5.03,P=0.03;2012年:χ~2=44.77,P<0.001;2013年:χ~2=36.15,P<0.001;2014年:χ~2=26.42,P<0.001);消毒设施运转正常的自备井微生物指标合格率高于消毒设施运转不正常的自备井(2011年:χ~2=7.06,P=0.008;2012年:χ~2=103.02,P<0.001;2013年:χ~2=81.87,P<0.001;2014年:χ~2=67.50,P<0.001)。结论海淀区农村自备井水质还存在安全隐患,与井深、井周围环境及消毒设施是否运转正常有关。
Objective To investigate the microbiological status of rural self-prepared drinking water and its influencing factors in Haidian District, Beijing. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used to sample domestic drinking water in rural self-owned wells in Haidian District from 2010 to 2014. Microbial indicators were evaluated according to “Health Standard for Living and Drinking Water” (GB5749-2006) Well depth, pollution sources around the well and operating status of disinfection facilities on the passing rate of microbial indicators, the data between the comparison using χ ~ 2 test. Results A total of 911 water samples were collected and the pass rate of microbial indicators was 94.51%. The qualified rate of micro-organisms index of self-prepared wells with well depth of more than 60 m was higher than that of self-prepared wells with well depth of less than 60 m (2012: χ ~ 2 = 18.25, P < 0; 001; 2013: χ ~ 2 = 27.33, P <0.001; 2014: χ ~ 2 = 27.89, P <0.001). The qualified rate of microbial indicators of self- (2011: χ ~ 2 = 5.03, P = 0.03; 2012: χ ~ 2 = 44.77, P <0.001; 2013: χ ~ 2 = 36.15, P <0.001; χ ~ 2 = 26.42, P <0.001). The passing rate of microbiological indicators of self-prepared wells with normal operation of disinfection facilities was higher than that of self-prepared wells with abnormal operation of sterilization facilities (2011: χ ~ 2 = 7.06, P = 0.008; : χ ~ 2 = 103.02, P <0.001; 2013: χ ~ 2 = 81.87, P <0.001; 2014: χ ~ 2 = 67.50, P <0.001). Conclusion The water quality of self-provided wells in rural areas of Haidian still has potential safety problems, which are related to the well depth, the well environment and the normal operation of disinfection facilities.