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与西方一些国家流行的以标签为导向的特殊教育模式相对照,本文首次提出了一种以服务为导向的特殊教育模式。这种模式的着眼点是对具有特殊需要的儿童提供广义的特殊教育以及相关服务,其根本任务是集中力量培育服务资源,建立健全综合性的服务传递体制。它要求我们把注意力从儿童个人心理特征的测评和传统的学校成绩评价,转向特殊教育的专业服务资源培育和有效服务体系的制度化建设上来。三级预防的理念和策略,应该是我国发展综合服务性的广义特殊教育的一个基本参照。
Contrary to the popular label-oriented special education model in some western countries, this paper proposes for the first time a service-oriented special education model. The focus of this model is to provide broad-based special education and related services to children with special needs. The fundamental task of this model is to concentrate efforts on cultivating service resources and establishing a sound and comprehensive service delivery system. It requires us to turn our attention from the evaluation of children’s personal psychological characteristics and the evaluation of traditional school grades to the cultivation of specialized service resources for special education and the institutionalization of an effective service system. The concept and strategy of tertiary prevention should be a basic reference for the development of general special education for comprehensive service in our country.