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自他对应动词这一表述范畴,可谓是日语语法的一大特色,亦是我们学习上的一个难点。以往的研究大多围绕其形态、构造及其分类而展开,从语用学角度展开的讨论似乎不多。自他对应动词的根本意义在于两者内在的对应关系,即:他动词表示意志性行为动作,而对应自动词表示的则是该行为的客观结果。例如:对应动词[]用于“打电话”场合,[电话]为意志行为,[电话]表述的是上述行为动作所产生的结果。所以,这时的[]为“接通”之意,表示客观状态。从语用的角度进一步分析该客观状态,又有以下两种含义:一个接近于可能,另一个近似被动。请看例句:
Since he corresponds to the verb category, can be described as a major feature of Japanese grammar, is also a difficult learning we. Most of the previous researches focus on its shape, structure and classification, and there are not many discussions from the point of pragmatics. The essential meaning of self-verb corresponds to the intrinsic correspondence between the two, ie, he is the verb that represents the action of the will, whereas the expression of the verb corresponds to the objective result of the act. For example, if the corresponding verb [] is used for “making a phone call”, [phone] is a will behavior, and [tel] expresses the result of the above action. Therefore, at this time [] is “connected” meaning that the objective state. From the pragmatic point of view to further analyze the objective state, there are two meanings: one is close to possible, the other is almost passive. Please see the example: