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1977年9月初,吉尔伯特群岛(Gilbert Islands,南太平洋)的塔拉瓦岛(Tara wa Atoll)上,首次从几个重度腹泻病人的粪便中分离了El-Tor稻叶型霍乱弧菌。至10月10日,因霍乱样病住院的有572例(占人口的3.3％),死亡19例。由于自来水没有加氯处理,而且从供水网及私人水井中分离出了霍乱弧菌,故认为霍乱是通过水传播的,但其他可能的传播方式尚不清楚。为了控制疫情,作者在塔拉瓦岛进行了两次配对的病例-对照调查,以确定传播方式。
In early September 1977, for the first time in El Salvador, Tara wa Atoll, in the Gilbert Islands, South Pacific, isolated El-Tor rice mosaic Vibrio cholerae from the stools of several patients with severe diarrhea. As of October 10, 572 patients (3.3% of the population) were hospitalized for cholera-like disease and 19 died. Cholera is considered to be transmitted by water because tap water is not chlorinated and Vibrio cholera is isolated from water networks and private wells, but other possible modes of transmission are not yet known. To control the outbreak, the authors conducted two paired case-control surveys on the island of Tarawa to determine the mode of transmission.