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带状疱疹和水痘系同一种病毒引起的不同临床表现.(简称V—Z病毒)是病毒感染性疾病,典型皮损呈为单侧性分布,排列呈带状的成簇水泡,剧烈疼痛、灼热感.中医称为“缠腰火丹”,又名“火带疮”、“蛇丹”、俗称“蜘蛛疮”等.带状疱疹患者仅自疱疹的浆液排出病毒,仅在复发疱疹出现时有传染性.成人,尤其是老年人,当受凉、疲劳、创伤、淋巴瘤或受免疫抑制剂以及放射治疗等诱因影响下,潜伏在神经节内的病毒即被激活,病毒沿神经纤维向下扩散,达到该神经纤维所分布的皮肤.多见于成人,15岁以下少见,好发于躯干部和面部.多发于春秋季,发病前3天,受累神经分布区常有灼热、瘙痒、感觉过敏或神经痛等.儿童常无不适或只有轻微神经痛,但老年人疼痛剧烈,甚至皮损消退后,可持续半年以上,此外,还常有发热、畏寒、不适等全身症状或局部淋巴结肿大、疼痛等.皮损初起时为片状红斑,继之出现成簇米粒至绿豆大,半球形小疱,沿周围神经单侧分布,排列呈带状,胸部者前后不超过正中线,每簇水疱间皮肤正常,疱壁较厚不易破,表面发亮,疱液早期透明,几天后变混浊,以后干燥结痂,一般2—4周痊愈,无继发感染时不留瘢痕.
Shingles and chickenpox are different clinical manifestations caused by the same virus (V-Z virus), which is a viral infectious disease. Typical lesions are unilateral distribution with clusters of blisters, severe pain, Burning sensation.Chinese medicine known as “wound waist fire Dan”, also known as “Herpes zoster”, “snake Dan”, commonly known as “spider sore”, etc. Herpes zoster patients only from herpes serous virus, only in the recurrence of herpes appear When contagious .In adults, especially the elderly, when the cold, fatigue, trauma, lymphoma or by immunosuppressive agents and radiation therapy and other incentives under the influence of latent in the ganglion of the virus is activated, the virus along the nerve fiber to Under the proliferation of the nerve fibers to reach the skin. More common in adults, less than 15 years of age, occur in the trunk and face. Occurred in the spring and autumn, the onset of 3 days, often involving the distribution of nerve burning, itching, feeling Allergy or neuralgia, etc .. Children often have no or only minor neuralgia, but severe pain in the elderly, and even after the skin lesions subsided, sustainable more than six months, in addition, often fever, chills, malaise and other systemic symptoms or local lymph nodes Swollen, pain and so on. Epidermal erythema at the beginning of the lesions, followed by the emergence of clusters of rice to the mung bean big, hemispherical small blisters, along the peripheral distribution of the nerve, arranged in a band, chest before and after no more than the median line, between each cluster of blisters skin Normal blister thick and not easy to break, shiny surface blister fluid early transparent cloudy after a few days, after drying scab, 2-4 weeks generally recovered without secondary infection without leaving scars.