本文通过对湖南某小城镇典型个体户的调研 ,探讨了社会资本在其职业选择、地位巩固、事业发展中起的重要作用。本文认为 ,在个体户最初的职业选择中 ,先赋型社会资本比自致型社会资本更加重要 ,但对小城镇个体户的发展产生影响的社会资本以自致型、私人社会关系网络型为主 ,拥有较多社会资本者往往比拥有较少者能获得更多的利益和权利。 Based on the investigation of typical self-employed in a small town in Hunan, this paper explores the important role that social capital plays in career choice, status consolidation and career development. This paper argues that in the initial career choices of self-employed individuals, social capital is more important than self-made social capital. However, social capital, which has an impact on the development of self-employed small towns, is mainly self-styled and private social network. Those who have more social capital tend to have more benefits and rights than those who have fewer.