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阐述了核安全的总目标和两个辅助性目标,介绍了核电厂的安全分析方法(确定论安全分析和概率论安全分析方法)。结合中国实际,论述20多年来,我国核电从无到有,在探索中前进,不断趋于成熟,成功地发展核工业的安全策略,这就是:贯彻“安全第一、质量第一”的发展方针,及早确立国家核安全监督管理体制,形成了比较系统的与国际接轨的核安全法规体系,重视核安全文化建设,积极倡导核电厂建立运行的自评估制度,邀请国际原子能机构派出专家组(OSART)对核电厂进行定期安全评价,为提高核电厂的管理水平和安全水平、保证运行安全服务。最后,结合核反应堆严重事故分析的研究进展、分析了国际第三代和第四代核电厂安全方面的要求,及核安全研究的最新进展。
The general goal of nuclear safety and two complementary objectives are described. The safety analysis methods of nuclear power plants (deterministic safety analysis and probabilistic safety analysis methods) are introduced. In light of China’s actual conditions, this article discusses the development of nuclear industry’s security strategy in the past 20 years since the nuclear power of our country started from scratch, went forward in exploration, and continued to mature. This is: To implement the principle of “safety first and quality first” Policy, early establish a national nuclear safety supervision and management system, formed a more systematic and international standards of nuclear safety regulations, emphasis on nuclear safety culture, and actively advocate the establishment of nuclear power plant operation of the self-assessment system, invited the International Atomic Energy Agency sent a panel of experts ( OSART) carries out periodic safety assessment of NPPs. In order to improve the management level and safety level of nuclear power plants, operation safety services are guaranteed. Finally, combined with the research progress of serious accident analysis of nuclear reactors, the safety requirements of the third and fourth generations of nuclear power plants in the world and the latest progress of nuclear safety research are analyzed.