一、引言 近年来人们日益认识到海气相互作用是长期天气和气候变化的重要因素,也是研究和预报海洋状况的关键,因而在这方面气象和海洋学家都作了大量研究。海洋和大气是作为一个耦合系统起作用的,海气相互作用发生在整个时空尺度谱中:大气和海洋边界层中的微尺度;和风暴系统有关的天气图尺度;和常称作遥相关的世界范围影响有关的季节和年尺度; I. INTRODUCTION In recent years, people have come to realize that the interaction of air and sea is an important factor in long-term weather and climate change. It is also the key to studying and forecasting the state of the oceans. Therefore, a great deal of research has been done by meteorologists and oceanographers in this regard. The oceans and the atmosphere function as a coupling system, and the interaction of the sea-air takes place throughout the spatiotemporal scale: the micro-scale in the atmospheric and ocean boundary layers; the weather-scale scales associated with the storm system; and the so-called teleconnection World-wide impact on seasons and years of scale;