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对于明代科举考试,学界一般笼统地说以程朱理学为指导思想,这种说法是非常错误的。如果动态地考察明代科举考试,就会发现,明前期的科举考试确实以程朱理学为指导,考生在答卷时大都能“专以程朱传注为主”。但明中后期,随着思想文化的日趋多元化,程朱理学的意识形态霸主地位开始动摇,科举考试中开始大量出现"引用
For the imperial civil examinations in the Ming Dynasty, the academic circles generally speak of Cheng and Zhu as the guiding ideology, which is very wrong. If you examine the imperial examinations in the Ming Dynasty dynamically, you will find that the imperial examinations in the pre-Ming period were indeed guided by Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism. However, in the middle and later periods of Ming and Qing dynasties, ideological and cultural dynasties became more and more diverse and the ideological dominance of Cheng and Zhu’s scholars began to waver. A large number of citations appeared in the examination examinations