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焦点一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起限定作用。引导定语从句的词叫作关系词，它包括关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which 等）和关系副词（where, when, why等）。关系代词、关系副词在从句中需担当句子成分，但无实际意义。例如：
The man who lived on the second floor was a famous writer.
住在二楼的人是位著名的作家。
You’d better help those who are in trouble.
你最好帮助那些在困难中的人们。
焦点二、关系代词的用法
1.关系代词who。指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：
The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
打破窗户的那个男孩叫汤姆。
2.关系代词whom。指人，在定语从句中作宾语，在口语或非正式语体中往往省略。例如：
The man (whom) we saw yesterday is Mr Brown.
我们昨天见到的那个人是布朗先生。
He is the boy (whom) you wanted to see.
他就是你想要见的那个男孩。
3.关系代词whose。指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.
妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
4.关系代词that。指人或物均可，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。例如：
The man that/ who is standing by the door is her elder brother.
正站在门旁的那个人是她哥哥。
Is this the driver that/ whom you talked about yesterday?
这就是你们昨天谈到的那个司机吗？
She told her mother all that had happened.
她把所发生的事情都告诉了她的母亲。
注意：that作介词宾语时，介词不能放在that的前面。例如：
Is this the film that you talked about last week?
这是你们上周谈论的那部电影吗？（about不能放在that之前）
5.关系代词which。指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，和that指物时用法相同。例如：
The book (which) Mum bought me last week is called Great Expectation.
妈妈上周给我买的那本书名叫《远大前程》。
The train which/ that has just left is for Beijing.
刚才离开的那列火车是开往北京的。
This is the book which you asked for.
这就是你要的那本书。
焦点三、关系副词的用法
1.关系副词when。表示时间，在定语从句中通常作时间状语。例如：
I still remember the morning when he first came to school.
我仍记得他第一次来学校的那个早上。
I will never forget the day when we parted.
我永远不会忘记我们分手的那一天。
2.关系副词where。表示地点，在定语从句中通常作地点状语。例如：
Great changes have taken place in the city where she was born.
她出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
This is the place where the accident happened.
这就是出事的地点。
3.关系副词why。表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词常为reason。例如：
Do you know the reason why it is so hot this summer?
你知道今年夏天这么热的原因吗？
The reason why they changed the plan is unknown.
他们改变计划的原因尚不清楚。
焦点四、使用定语从句应注意的几点
1.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省去；但作主语时，不可以省略。例如：
The film (which/ that) I saw yesterday was very good.
我昨天看的那部电影非常精彩。(which/ that作定语从句中saw的宾语，可以省略）
I don’t like the people who/ that talk much but do little.
我不喜欢只说不做的人。（who/ that作定语从句中talk和do的主语，不可省略）
2.关系代词作定语从句的主语时，应注意从句的主谓一致。例如：
汤姆认识正在踢足球的那些学生吗？
［误］Does Tom know the students who is playing football?
［正］Does Tom know the students who are playing football?
析：先行词students是复数，who在从句中作主语。因此，关系代词who指代复数，其后的谓语应用复数形式。
3.避免定语从句中代词的误用。例如：
上星期我买的那台电脑很棒。
［误］The computer (which/ that ) I bought it last week is wonderful.
［正］The computer (which/ that ) I bought last week is wonderful.
析：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，无论省略与否，从句中的谓语动词后不可再出现此关系代词所代替的宾语。
4.定语从句中宜用that，不宜用which的几种情况：
(1)当先行词为all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等词时。例如：
Have you got anything that you’d like to buy?
你买到你想买的东西了吗？
All the apples that fell down are eaten by the pigs.
掉下来的苹果全被猪吃掉了。
She took away everything that belongs to her.
她拿走了属于她的所有东西。
(2) 当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。例如：
This is the first textbook that I studied in the primary school.
这是我在小学学的第一本教科书。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.
这是当今世界上最小的计算机。
(3)当先行词为同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时。例如：
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
他们谈论访问过的那些老师和学校。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后，对先行词起限定作用。引导定语从句的词叫作关系词，它包括关系代词（who, whom, whose, that, which 等）和关系副词（where, when, why等）。关系代词、关系副词在从句中需担当句子成分，但无实际意义。例如：
The man who lived on the second floor was a famous writer.
住在二楼的人是位著名的作家。
You’d better help those who are in trouble.
你最好帮助那些在困难中的人们。
焦点二、关系代词的用法
1.关系代词who。指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：
The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
打破窗户的那个男孩叫汤姆。
2.关系代词whom。指人，在定语从句中作宾语，在口语或非正式语体中往往省略。例如：
The man (whom) we saw yesterday is Mr Brown.
我们昨天见到的那个人是布朗先生。
He is the boy (whom) you wanted to see.
他就是你想要见的那个男孩。
3.关系代词whose。指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：
The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.
妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。
4.关系代词that。指人或物均可，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。例如：
The man that/ who is standing by the door is her elder brother.
正站在门旁的那个人是她哥哥。
Is this the driver that/ whom you talked about yesterday?
这就是你们昨天谈到的那个司机吗？
She told her mother all that had happened.
她把所发生的事情都告诉了她的母亲。
注意：that作介词宾语时，介词不能放在that的前面。例如：
Is this the film that you talked about last week?
这是你们上周谈论的那部电影吗？（about不能放在that之前）
5.关系代词which。指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，和that指物时用法相同。例如：
The book (which) Mum bought me last week is called Great Expectation.
妈妈上周给我买的那本书名叫《远大前程》。
The train which/ that has just left is for Beijing.
刚才离开的那列火车是开往北京的。
This is the book which you asked for.
这就是你要的那本书。
焦点三、关系副词的用法
1.关系副词when。表示时间，在定语从句中通常作时间状语。例如：
I still remember the morning when he first came to school.
我仍记得他第一次来学校的那个早上。
I will never forget the day when we parted.
我永远不会忘记我们分手的那一天。
2.关系副词where。表示地点，在定语从句中通常作地点状语。例如：
Great changes have taken place in the city where she was born.
她出生的那个城市已经发生了巨大的变化。
This is the place where the accident happened.
这就是出事的地点。
3.关系副词why。表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词常为reason。例如：
Do you know the reason why it is so hot this summer?
你知道今年夏天这么热的原因吗？
The reason why they changed the plan is unknown.
他们改变计划的原因尚不清楚。
焦点四、使用定语从句应注意的几点
1.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省去；但作主语时，不可以省略。例如：
The film (which/ that) I saw yesterday was very good.
我昨天看的那部电影非常精彩。(which/ that作定语从句中saw的宾语，可以省略）
I don’t like the people who/ that talk much but do little.
我不喜欢只说不做的人。（who/ that作定语从句中talk和do的主语，不可省略）
2.关系代词作定语从句的主语时，应注意从句的主谓一致。例如：
汤姆认识正在踢足球的那些学生吗？
［误］Does Tom know the students who is playing football?
［正］Does Tom know the students who are playing football?
析：先行词students是复数，who在从句中作主语。因此，关系代词who指代复数，其后的谓语应用复数形式。
3.避免定语从句中代词的误用。例如：
上星期我买的那台电脑很棒。
［误］The computer (which/ that ) I bought it last week is wonderful.
［正］The computer (which/ that ) I bought last week is wonderful.
析：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，无论省略与否，从句中的谓语动词后不可再出现此关系代词所代替的宾语。
4.定语从句中宜用that，不宜用which的几种情况：
(1)当先行词为all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等词时。例如：
Have you got anything that you’d like to buy?
你买到你想买的东西了吗？
All the apples that fell down are eaten by the pigs.
掉下来的苹果全被猪吃掉了。
She took away everything that belongs to her.
她拿走了属于她的所有东西。
(2) 当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。例如：
This is the first textbook that I studied in the primary school.
这是我在小学学的第一本教科书。
This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.
这是当今世界上最小的计算机。
(3)当先行词为同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时。例如：
They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.
他们谈论访问过的那些老师和学校。