从20世纪70年代开始,由于石油危机以及其他原因引起西方各国普遍出现经济衰退及财政赤字,西方各国政府都面临着财政紧张的困境。同时,由于政府职能的不断扩张和政府规模的逐渐扩大,机构臃肿、效率低下的西方各国政府迫切需要建立一种符合本国经济、社会发展需要的政府管理模式。于是,英国、美国、新西兰等国家开始尝试对本国政府进行改 Since the 1970s, due to the oil crisis and other reasons, widespread economic recession and fiscal deficit in various western countries have caused Western governments to face the financial straits. At the same time, due to the continuous expansion of government functions and the gradual enlargement of the government scale, western governments, which are bloated and inefficient, urgently need to establish a government management model that meets the needs of their own economic and social development. As a result, Britain, the United States, New Zealand and other countries began to try to change their government