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根据不同的耦合程度，并行计算机的体系结构可以分为两类：共享存储器体系结构（ＳｈａｒｅｄＭｅｍｏｒｙＡｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅ—ＳＭＡ）以及分布式存储器体系结构（ＤｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄＭｅｍｏｒｙＡｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅＤＭＡ）．分布式存储器结构的并行机比共享存储器结构的并行机具有更好的灵活性和可扩展性，但用户在分布式存储器结构的并行机上开发软件的难度特别大．本文介绍这两种并行计算机体系结构的概念和特点，以及将一个物理上的ＤＭＡ并行机构成一个逻辑上的ＳＭＡ并行机，即虚拟共享存储体系结构（ＶｉｒｔｕａｌＳｈａｒｅｄＭｅｍｏｒｙＡｒｃｈｉｔｅｃｔｕｒｅＶＳＭＡ）并行计算机系统的原理和实现技术．
Depending on the degree of coupling, parallel computer architectures can be divided into two categories: Shared Memory Architecture (SMA) and Distributed Memory Architecture (DMA). Parallel machines with distributed memory structures are more flexible and scalable than parallel machines with shared memory structures. However, it is extremely difficult for users to develop software on parallel machines with distributed memory structures. This article describes the concept and characteristics of these two parallel computer architectures and the principle and implementation of a physical DMA parallel machine into a logical SMA parallel machine, the Virtual Shared Memory Architecture (VSVM) parallel computer system.