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剖析黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区小流域不同土地利用/覆被类型的演变方向和程度,是认识该区侵蚀环境演变趋势,评价区域水土流失动态的重要基础性工作。通过收集黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区典型代表流域——神木县六道沟流域1990、1995、2002年土地利用信息和2010年遥感影像,结合近期实地调查结果,分析该区耕地、林草地和工矿用地等主要土地利用类型在流域内分布格局的变化态势。结果表明:1)1990—2010年,流域林草地面积占总面积比例由35.74%增加到62.79%,耕地面积比例从33.87%锐减至7.61%,坡耕地和旱梯田向林草地大量转移,耕作区域向沟缘线以下沟谷地转移和集中,沟缘线以下耕地面积占耕地总面积比例由13.82%上升至74.04%,工矿用地作业面积由0.28 hm2扩展到14.89 hm2,煤矿开采趋于活跃;2)就影响侵蚀环境演变的流域下垫面条件而言,地表覆被,尤其沟缘线以上坡面植被显著改善,但煤矿开采活动的活跃,一方面对流域内林草生长及土地利用方式存在着极大影响,另一方面,对侵蚀环境的人为恶化起着巨大的促进作用。
It is an important basic work to understand the evolution trend of erosion environment and evaluate the dynamic of soil and water loss in the small watershed in the erosion and wind erosion crisscross area of the Loess Plateau. By collecting the land use information of 1990 and 1995 and 2002 and the remote sensing image of 2010 in the typical representative basin of the water erosion and wind erosion crisscross region in the Loess Plateau - the Liudaogou watershed in Shenmu County, combining with the recent field survey results, the paper analyzes the cultivated land, grassland and mining land in the area Changes of distribution patterns of major land use types in the basin. The results showed that: 1) From 1990 to 2010, the ratio of forest and grassland to total area increased from 35.74% to 62.79%, the area of cultivated land dropped sharply from 33.87% to 7.61% The area moved to the valley below the ditch line and concentrated. The proportion of arable land under the ditch line increased from 13.82% to 74.04%, the working area of industrial and mining land expanded from 0.28 hm2 to 14.89 hm2, and the coal mining tended to be active. 2 In terms of underlying surface conditions that affect the evolution of the erosion environment, the vegetation cover on the surface, especially the slope above the ditch margin, has been significantly improved. However, coal mining activities are active. On the one hand, the grassland growth and land use patterns On the other hand, it plays a huge role in promoting man-made deterioration of the environment.