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运用古DNA技术对新疆石人子沟遗址的墓葬中出土的古代家马样本进行遗传学分析。共选取5匹家马骨骼样本,从中提取DNA并对线粒体DNA控制区和毛色控制基因的核DNA进行PCR扩增。全部样本获得了线粒体DNA序列,在这5个序列中共检测出3个不同的单倍型,可以归属到3个不同的谱系A,B和E。毛色控制基因的SNP检测结果显示石人子沟遗址古代家马有栗色(chestnut)、枣色(bay)和金黄色(palomino)3种不同毛色。尽管样本量很小,但是线粒体DNA和毛色控制基因的核DNA研究均显示出石人子沟遗址的古代家马具有较高的遗传多样性。结合古代文献记载和新疆的特殊地理位置,支持新疆是家马引入中国的一个重要通道的观点。此外,金黄色马与墓主人同葬于墓室,可能是当时特殊的选择,表明马在古代人类社会中具有着重要的地位。
Using ancient DNA technology to carry out a genetic analysis of the ancient horse samples unearthed in the tombs of the Shirenizigou site in Xinjiang. A total of five horse bone samples were selected, and DNA was extracted therefrom. The DNA of mitochondrial DNA control region and coat color control gene was amplified by PCR. Mitochondrial DNA sequences were obtained in all samples. Three different haplotypes were detected in these five sequences, which could be assigned to three different A, B and E lines. The coat color control gene SNP test results show that the Shirenzi Gou ruins ancient chestnut chestnut, bay and golden (palomino) 3 different coat color. Although the sample size is very small, nuclear DNA studies of mitochondrial DNA and coat color control genes have shown that the ancient horses of the Shirengougou site have a high genetic diversity. Combined with the ancient literature and the special geographical location of Xinjiang, it is of great value to support Xinjiang as an important channel for the introduction of China Horse. In addition, the golden horse and the tomb owner buried in the tomb may be a special choice at that time, indicating that horse plays an important role in ancient human society.