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目的掌握西安市城区鼠类的种群结构分布、生态习性、季节消长趋势等变化规律,为鼠类及鼠传疾病的防治工作提供参考。方法采用夹夜法。结果 2009-2013年共捕获鼠类433只,经鉴定后分别为小家鼠、褐家鼠、黑线姬鼠、黄胸鼠4种。鼠类总平均密度为0.63%,其中2010年鼠密度最高为0.80%;2012年鼠密度最低为0.51%。优势种群为褐家鼠和小家鼠分别占鼠类总数的69.05%和26.10%。结论西安市鼠种以褐家鼠和小家鼠为主,可根据鼠类的活动及消长规律在鼠类活动高峰前适时加强环境整治,采用物理、化学综合防治措施,可有效降低鼠密度,从而更好地控制鼠类的繁殖,减少鼠传疾病的发生。
Objective To understand the variation of population distribution, ecological habits and seasonal fluctuation of rodents in urban area of Xi’an, and to provide references for the prevention and treatment of rodents and rodent diseases. Method using the night law. Results A total of 433 rodents were captured from 2009 to 2013. Four rodents were identified as Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, and Rattus flavipectus respectively. The total average density of rodents was 0.63%, of which the highest density was 0.80% in 2010 and the lowest in 2012 was 0.51%. The dominant populations were Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, accounting for 69.05% and 26.10% of the total number of rodents respectively. Conclusion The main species of rodents in the city of Xi’an are Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, which can be used to enhance environmental remediation timely before the peak of rodents according to the activity and growth of rodents. Using physical and chemical comprehensive control measures can effectively reduce the rat density, In order to better control the reproduction of rodents, reduce the incidence of rodent disease.