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目的:研究朝鲜白头翁生长发育及其总皂苷积累规律,为朝鲜白头翁适宜采收期的确定提供依据。方法:田间调查朝鲜白头翁植株的个体发育进程,定期采样并对其各器官生物量和总皂苷进行测定。结果:朝鲜白头翁植物的个体发育划分为5个时期,即:出苗期、开花期、种子成熟期、果后生长期、枯萎期。二年生朝鲜白头翁生育期内只进行营养生长,根干重逐渐增加,呈“S”型曲线,以7月中旬至8月中旬积累速率最快;野生移栽型和三年生朝鲜白头翁生长初期主要进行生殖生长,种子成熟后植株进入营养生长阶段,其根的干重呈逐渐增加的趋势,以6月中旬至7月中旬积累速率最快。野生移栽型、二年生和三年生朝鲜白头翁在不同生长期总皂苷含量以8月中旬最高,单株总皂苷产量最高值出现在8月中旬至9月中旬,9月中旬以后逐渐下降。结论:从药材内在质量和产量两方面综合考虑,生产上可将朝鲜白头翁最佳采收时间安排在8月下旬至9月中旬。
Objective: To study the growth and development of Pulsatilla sinica and the rules of its total saponin accumulation, and to provide the basis for determining the suitable harvest period of Pulsatilla. Methods: Field investigation of the individual development process of Pulsatilla vulgaris plant, regular sampling and determination of its organ biomass and total saponins. Results: The individual development of Pulsatilla chinensis was divided into five stages, namely: emergence, flowering, seed maturity, fruit growth and wilt. The biennial Pulsatilla only grows vegetatively during the growth period, and the root dry weight increases gradually, showing the “S” curve, with the fastest accumulation rate from mid-July to mid-August. The growth rate of the wild-transplanted and three-year-old Pulsatilla Mainly reproductive growth, the seeds mature plants into the vegetative growth stage, the root dry weight showed a gradual increase trend to mid-June to mid-July the fastest accumulation rate. The contents of total saponin in wild transplanted, biennial and triennial Korean plum flower ponchos were the highest in the middle of August in different growth stages. The highest total saponin yield of individual appeared in mid-August to mid-September and then gradually decreased after mid-September. Conclusion: Considering the intrinsic quality and yield of medicinal materials, the best harvesting time of Pulsatilla chinensis can be put into production from the end of August to the middle of September.