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全民买单的补贴模式,尽管快速培育了国内光伏市场,但企业自主创新能力受到抑制,投资风险转嫁给了消费者,可政策红利却被垄断企业获取。中国改革开放之路基本上是采用后发优势理论,是指后发展国家可以从先行发达国家那里很快模仿到技术,不必走弯路,甚至可以利用发达国家产业结构调整与升级机会,直接实现产业结构升级,并融入其全球产业链中,使后来者能顺利实现现代化。我国光伏产业不仅笃信后发优势理论,而且走出了一条“用市场换技术”的“血泪”之路。
Although the subsidy mode of paying for the whole people has rapidly fostered the domestic PV market, the independent innovation capability of enterprises has been suppressed and the investment risk has been passed on to consumers while the policy dividends have been obtained by monopolies. The road of China’s reform and opening up basically adopts the theory of late-onset advantage. It means that developing countries can quickly imitate technology from advanced developed countries without taking detours. They can even take advantage of the industrial restructuring and upgrading opportunities in developed countries to directly realize industries. The structure is upgraded and integrated into its global industrial chain so that later generations can modernize smoothly. China’s photovoltaic industry not only believe in the theory of latecomer advantage, but also out of a “market for technology” “blood and tears ” road.