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随着乡村聚落的发展,陕北多沙粗沙区乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的严重性已经凸显。以碾庄沟流域为例,研究了乡村聚落土壤侵蚀方式,并对侵蚀总量进行了估算。结果显示:从乡村聚落土壤侵蚀的主要方式来看,以新建窑洞的弃土侵蚀最大,窑洞坍塌侵蚀次之,聚落水蚀侵蚀量最小,其中塌窑侵蚀和建窑侵蚀两项合计占到乡村聚落土壤侵蚀总量的94.6%;从乡村聚落的侵蚀总量来看,面积占1.08%的乡村聚落产生的侵蚀量却占到全流域侵蚀总量的6.83%,人居侵蚀模数达6.3万t/(km2.a)或8.18 t/(人.a)。因此,对乡村聚落土壤侵蚀应加以重视,而土壤侵蚀的防治工作应该以新建窑洞的管理和废弃窑洞坍塌的治理为重点。
With the development of rural settlements, the seriousness of soil erosion in rural settlements in the area of sandy coarsening has been highlighted. Taking Zhuangzhuanggou Watershed as an example, the soil erosion patterns of rural settlements were studied and the total erosion was estimated. The results show that: from the main ways of soil erosion in rural settlements, the spoilage of newly built cave is the largest, followed by cave erosion and erosion, and the erosion of settlement water erosion is the smallest, of which the total of collapse kiln erosion and kiln erosion account for rural settlement 94.6% of the total soil erosion; from the total amount of rural settlement erosion, the rural settlement occupies 1.08% of the total area, but the total erosion accounts for 6.83% of the total basin erosion, the erosion modulus reaches 63,000 t /(km2.a) or 8.18 t / (person .a). Therefore, attention should be paid to the soil erosion of rural settlements, and the prevention and control of soil erosion should focus on the management of newly built cave and the treatment of abandoned cave cave.