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同波束VLBI技术即用射电望远镜的主波束同时接收两个探测器发送的信号,得到两个探测器信号的相关相位并在探测器间进行差分,去掉电离层、大气及观测装置的绝大部分影响,得到超高精度的差分相时延。差分相时延数据能准确反映两个探测器相对位置及其变化,可用来提高两个探测器的绝对和相对定轨定位精度。对同波束VLBI技术的基本原理及其在国内外深空探测器测定轨中的应用进行综述和展望。比如,我们利用同波束VLBI技术把嫦娥三号巡视器相对定位精度提高至1米,并有望把嫦娥五号轨道器和上升器的定轨精度提高至10米量级,把火星环绕器定轨精度和火星车定位精度提高至数百米等。
The same beam VLBI technique uses the main beam of a radio telescope to simultaneously receive signals from two detectors to obtain the relative phases of the two detector signals and to differentiate between the detectors to remove the vast majority of the ionosphere, atmosphere and observation devices Impact, get ultra-high precision differential phase delay. Differential phase delay data can accurately reflect the relative position of the two detectors and their changes can be used to improve the absolute and relative orbit positioning accuracy of the two detectors. The basic principle of the same beam VLBI technology and its application in the determination of the orbit of the deep space probe at home and abroad are reviewed and prospected. For example, we use the same beam VLBI technology to improve the relative positioning accuracy of the Chang’e III patrol to 1m and is expected to increase the orbit accuracy of the Chang’e 5 orbiter and the riser to 10m. Orbit the Mars orbiter Accuracy and rover positioning accuracy to hundreds of meters and so on.