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精神病理学中的第一人称进路,即运用现象学方法去探索精神病人主观经验的精神病理学研究方向。首先在精神病理学倡导第一人称进路的是雅斯贝尔斯。他认为,尽管第三人称进路促进了对大脑的研究,但它无法帮助精神科医生理解精神病人的内在世界。如果精神科医生要理解精神疾病的本质,就必须努力进入到病人的第一人称视角中,去共享病人真正感受到的东西。在他之后,布兰肯伯格在精神分裂研究积极地实践了第一人称进路。他找到了一个最能清晰表达自身疾病经验的病例,并在她自我描述的基础上,揭示了精神分裂中的本质改变。第一人称进路与第三人称进路之间关系的实质,是心灵与物质的关系。只有确定心物的真实关系,才能真正解决第一人称进路与第三人称进路的关系问题。
The first person in psychopathology approach, that is, the use of phenomenological methods to explore the psychopathology of subjective experience of patients with mental pathology. The first person to advocate in psychopathology is Jaspers. He believes that although the third-person approach has promoted brain research, it does not help psychiatrists to understand the inner world of the mentally ill. If psychiatrists want to understand the nature of mental illness, they must work hard into the patient’s first-person perspective and share what the patient truly feels. After him, Blankenberge actively practiced the first person approach in schizophrenic research. He found a case that best expresses his own disease experience and, on the basis of her self-description, revealed the essential changes in schizophrenia. The essence of the relationship between the first-person approach and the third-person approach is the relationship between the mind and the material. Only by determining the true relationship between the heart and mind can we truly solve the problem of the relationship between the first person and the third person.