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事故致因模型是用于事故原因分析和预防的重要理论依据,模型的可操作性是决定事故预防效果的重要影响因素。对目前国内研究较为持续和系统的事故致因“2-4”模型进行了深入研究,以增强其在事故分析时的可操作性。首先,研究了事故致因“2-4”模型中组织内、外部原因的各个阶段原因因素的划分情况;其次,根据得到的各阶段原因因素划分结果,对应用事故致因“2-4”模型分析事故原因的因素进行了编码;最后,以一起重大瓦斯爆炸事故为例,对事故致因“2-4”模型原因因素编码系统的有效性进行了实证研究。划分了事故致因“2-4”模型中的各原因模块中的原因因素,并得到了不安全动作和物态、习惯性不安全行为、安全管理体系、安全文化、外部因素等5个层级原因,确定了基于事故致因“2-4”模型的30个原因因素。对事故原因因素进行系统编码,提高了应用事故致因“2-4”模型进行事故原因分析和事故预防的可操作性,增强了其应用实践性。
Accident cause model is an important theoretical basis for accident analysis and prevention. The operability of the model is an important factor that determines the effect of accident prevention. In-depth study on the more sustained and systematic accident-induced “2-4 ” model in China to enhance its operability in accident analysis. First of all, the thesis divides the cause factors into different stages in the cause and cause of the accidents in “2-4 ” model. Secondly, according to the results obtained from the causes of each stage, -4 “model of the cause of the accident were coded; Finally, taking a major gas explosion accident as an example, the author conducted an empirical study on the effectiveness of the coding system of the causal factors of” 2-4 “model. It divides the reason factors in the module of each cause in the cause of accident, and obtains the unsafe action and habitual unsafe behaviors, safety management system, safety culture and external factors. For each level of reason, 30 cause factors based on the ”2-4“ model of accident were identified. The systematic coding of the causes of the accident has raised the operability of accident analysis and accident prevention of ”2 - 4" model of accident occurrence and enhanced the practicality of its application.