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石油溶剂品种颇多,因原油产地,生产工艺(切割或分馏)和气温等因素不同,使各溶剂的组份极为复杂,且不固定;多数石油溶剂无固定沸点,而仅有混合物的理化特性。石油溶剂除汽油外,主要应用于油漆,表面涂料,干洗,橡胶粘合剂,印刷油墨,农药和萃取动植物油(豆油、棉籽油、鱼油)和灯油等。仅美国1970年消耗量达13亿加仑(约60亿公斤)。石油溶剂几乎全是芳香族或饱和烃化合物;或是两者的混合组份。芳香族碳氢化合物主要是苯和苯的衍生物;饱和烃类主要有直链、侧链或其异构化合物和环状化合物,而环烷烃类中有大量的环己烷或环戊烷的衍生物;一般分子量大小在6～15碳左右。
Many varieties of petroleum solvents, due to crude oil origin, production technology (cutting or fractionation) and temperature and other factors, the composition of each solvent is extremely complicated, and not fixed; most of the petroleum solvent without a fixed boiling point, but only the physical and chemical properties of the mixture . Petroleum solvents are mainly used in paints, surface coatings, dry cleaning, rubber adhesives, printing inks, pesticides and extracts of animal and vegetable oils (soybean oil, cottonseed oil, fish oil) and kerosene in addition to gasoline. Only the United States consumed 1.3 billion gallons (about 6 billion kilos) in 1970. Almost all petroleum solvents are aromatic or saturated hydrocarbon compounds; or a mixture of both. Aromatic hydrocarbons are mainly benzene and benzene derivatives; saturated hydrocarbons are mainly linear, side chain or its isomeric compounds and cyclic compounds, while naphthenics have a lot of cyclohexane or cyclopentane Derivatives; generally about 6 to 15 carbon molecular weight.