Background: Recurrent common bile duct (CBD) stone is a long-term sequalae among patients who un- derwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with CBD stone extraction. Data regard- ing risk factors for recurrent CBD stone are scarce. We aimed to identify predictors of recurrent CBD stone.Methods: We performed a retrospective case-controlled study from January 2010 to December 2019. In- clusion criteria included patients who had recurrent CBD stone at least 6 months after the index ERCP, in which complete stone extraction was performed and normal cholangiogram was obtained. Overall, 457 patients were included. Forty-two patients (9.2％) had recurrent CBD stone, and 415 patients (90.8％) did not have recurrent CBD stone . Results: In univariate analysis, male sex [odds ratio (OR) = 0.49, P = 0.033] was a protective factor, while endoscopic stone extraction by basket vs. balloon (OR = 2.55, P = 0.005), older age (OR = 1.03, P = 0.003), number of CBD stones (OR = 1.99, P = 0.037), size of CBD stone (OR = 4.06, P = 0.003) and mechanical lithotripsy (OR = 9.22, P = 0.004) were risk factors for recurrent CBD stone. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, mechanical lithotripsy [OR = 9.73, 95％ confidence interval (CI): 1.69–55.89, P = 0.010], basket clearance vs. combined basket and balloon (OR = 18.25, 95％ CI: 1.05–318.35, P = 0.046) and older age (OR = 1.02, 95％ CI: 1.00–1.05, P = 0.023) were risk factors, and male sex (OR = 0.39, 95％ CI: 0.19–0.81, P = 0.012) was a protective factor. Conclusions: We identified modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for recurrent CBD stone. Taking into consideration those factors might aid in minimizing the CBD stone recurrence risk.