我国“城市最低生活保障制度”下的就业就助政策,被赋予期待低收入者积极脱贫自立的目标,但是效果不如预期。本文以广州市H社区为研究个案,从基层管理者、低保对象的视角出发,试图对政策过程包括“进入与退出”机制、方案施行和政策效果做全面评价。研究结果显示:现有的制度设计大大减少了福利依赖的可能性,在扩展低保户人际关系方面起到了正面作用,但是在工作岗位提供、就业培训等相关配套措施上都无法满足目标群体的需要,从而导致政策目标功效有限。同样,西方“激活”政策脉络在于如何设计再就业机制的有效衔接,避免社会排斥和福利依赖。与我国城市就业救助政策相比较,二者的制度理念、制度背景均不同,因此在应用相关概念时应当谨慎。 In our country, the employment assistance policy under the “urban minimum living security system” has been given the expectation that low-income earners should actively seek their own independence from poverty, but the result is not as good as expected. This article takes H community in Guangzhou as a case study. From the perspectives of grass-roots managers and minimum living allowances, this article attempts to make a comprehensive evaluation of the policy process including the mechanism of “entering and exiting”, the implementation of programs and the effect of policies. The results show that the existing system design has greatly reduced the possibility of dependence on welfare and played a positive role in expanding the interpersonal relationships among the lowest-income families. However, such measures as the provision of job postings and employment training can not meet the needs of the target groups Needs, resulting in limited effectiveness of policy objectives. Similarly, the Western “activation” policy context lies in how to design an effective re-employment mechanism and avoid social exclusion and welfare dependency. Compared with the urban employment assistance policy in our country, both the system concept and the system background are different, so we should be cautious when applying the related concepts.