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一、基本情况。 新疆和田专区和喀什专区的一部分,位于新疆的最南部,南至昆仑山和喀拉昆仑山的北麓,北接塔克拉马干大沙漠的南缘,为一极端干燥的东西狭长荒漠地带,如和田年雨量仅有56毫米,蒸发量竟达2,239.8毫米,超过年雨量的40倍,一年约有30天左右的风暴日,(54年有24天,55年有33天)最大风速达到10～15米/秒。 昆仑山和喀拉昆仑山北坡广泛分布着花岗岩、片麻岩、石英岩、沙岩、砾岩等岩石,在极端干燥的条件下,多成物理风化而崩解为大量粗屑碎块,每年被洪水携带冲积于山麓北部,成为宽广的石子戈壁,再加强大的风力,一面吹走了原来洪水所携带下来的泥
First, the basic situation. Xinjiang Hotan Prefecture and part of Kashi Prefecture, located in the southernmost part of Xinjiang, to the north of the Kunlun Mountains and the Karakorum Mountains to the north, to the south of the Taklamakan Desert in the north, an extremely dry and narrow strip of desertified land, For example, the rainfall in Hotan County is only 56 millimeters, with an evaporation of 2,239.8 millimeters, more than 40 times the annual rainfall, about 30 days a storm day (54 in 24 days and 55 in 33 days) and the maximum wind speed reaches 10 ~ 15 m / s. Kunlun Mountains and the northern slope of the Karakorum Mountains are widely distributed granite, gneiss, quartzite, sandstone, conglomerate and other rocks, in extremely dry conditions, the majority of physical weathering and collapse into a large number of crumbs, Every year, floods carry the alluvial deposits to the north of the foothills and become the vast gravel of the Gobi. With the addition of strong winds, the mud carried by the floods is blown away