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在发展中国家,连续注射时,往往只换针头而使用同一注射器,这是一种危险的做法。世界卫生组织(WHO)扩大的免疫规划(EPI)要求采用消毒的一针一管注射方法。四十年代的一些肝炎爆发调查首先提出可能由注射器污染引起肝炎传播的担心,这类传播的特点是:发病时间和接受反复使用的注射器注射明显相关,并与目前推定的病毒性肝炎潜伏期一致,报告中未发现续发病例,因此这些爆发可能是乙型或非甲非乙型(NANB)肝炎。 1957年1月～1962年7月的5.5年时间内英国皇家空军中出现一系列急性肝炎病例,1964年公布的报告中,共调查895例,93%取得了肝炎发病前6个月内完整的注射史、免
In developing countries, it is a dangerous practice to use the same syringe only for needles for continuous injection. The World Health Organization (WHO) expanded immunization program (EPI) requires the use of sterilized one-in-one injections. Some investigations of hepatitis outbreaks in the 1940s first raised the concern that hepatitis may be transmitted by the contamination of syringes. This type of transmission is characterized by a significant correlation between the onset time and the repeated injections of syringes and consistent with the current incubation period of the viral hepatitis, No cases of recurrent cases were found in the report, so these outbreaks may be hepatitis B or non-avian (NANB) hepatitis. A series of cases of acute hepatitis occurred in the RAF during the 5.5-year period from January 1957 to July 1962. In a report released in 1964, a total of 895 cases were investigated and 93% of them were completed within 6 months prior to the onset of hepatitis Injection history, free