Trace species in hypersonic rarefied gas flows play an important role in predicting electromagnetic phenomena.A typical example appeared in the RAM-C II flight
Direct simulation Monte Carlo(DSMC) method remains one of main instruments for high-altitude aerodynamics and vacuum technology problems [1].Essential disadvant
The beginning of the third millennium is characterized by the global uniqueness of the human civilization.The possibilities of humanity in energetic properties
Rarefied gas flows have attracted a lot of attention in recent years because of its immense applicability to many advanced fields such as mioro-electro-mechanic
At the initial stages of the development of prospective space vehicles,it is necessary to study their aerothermodynamic characteristics along the reentry trajec