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农村公共食堂是“大跃进”和人民公社化运动中极“左”思潮的产物,是人民公社供给制的载体。从1958年下半年到1961年5月,它在“吃饭不要钱”等天堂般的宣传和政治高压下一哄而起,适应了“组织军事化、行动战斗化、生活集体化”的“大跃进”需要,但很快就出现难以为继而加以调整,由领导人的偏爱和一意孤行而强行恢复,并得以苟延残喘,后又由大兴调查研究等实事求是之风而一哄而散,给农村、农业、农民带来了灾难性的后果。江苏农村公共食堂是全国农村公共食堂的一个缩影,存在着浪费粮食、降低社员生产积极性、浪费劳动力、不利于发展家庭副业、不节省烧柴、不利于团结、生活不便等自身难以克服的缺点,又是当时农村以“共产风”为主要特征的“五风”盛行根源之一,为群众所深恶痛绝。与全国其他省份相比,江苏在“大跃进”中,以江渭清为首的省党政领导很快走向务实,江苏农村公共食堂很快就出现了数量急剧减少、固定食堂少、农忙食堂多、食堂规模小等特点。庐山会议后,江苏公共食堂恢复率低,又以“调整”为名解散了很多食堂,特别是从1961年2月经毛泽东的同意江苏首先在全国解散公共食堂,这也是“大跃进”期间江苏省“非正常死亡”人数较少的原因之一。
The public canteens in rural areas are the product of the “Great Leap Forward” and the “Leftist” ideological trend in the people’s commune movement and are the carrier of the people’s commune’s supply system. From the second half of 1958 to May 1961, it rushed forth under heavenly propaganda and political pressure such as “eating without money” and adapted to the principle of “militarization of organizations, combat-oriented operations, and collectivization of life However, it soon became difficult to make adjustments and was forced to resume by the leader’s preference and arrogance. He was able to linger and then coaxed by the wind of seeking truth from facts such as the investigation and study of Daxing. It has brought catastrophic consequences to rural areas, agriculture and farmers. Jiangsu rural public canteen is a microcosm of rural public canteens in our country. There are some shortcomings such as waste of grain, reduction of enthusiasm for production of members, waste of labor force, unfavorable development of family sideline businesses, lack of saving wood, unfavorable unity and inconvenience of living, It was one of the root causes of the prevalence of the ”Five Winds“ characterized by the ”communist wind“ in the rural areas at that time, which was repugnant to the masses. Compared with other provinces in the country, in the ”Great Leap Forward“ in Jiangsu, provincial party and government leaders headed by Jiang Weiqing quickly became pragmatic. Jiangsu public canteens soon saw a sharp decline in quantity, with fewer fixed canteens and more canteens , Small canteen size and so on. After the Lushan Conference, Jiangsu public canteens have a low recovery rate, and they have dismissed many canteens in the name of ”adjustment“. In particular, from the agreement of Mao Zedong in February 1961, Jiangsu first dissolved the public canteen across the country, which is also ”the Great Leap Forward One of the reasons why the number of “non-normal deaths” in Jiangsu Province during the period was relatively small.