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BACKGROUND Few studies from developed countries have quantitatively characterized the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients receiving contemporary intensive cardiac care.We sought to investigate these data in patients admitted to a Chinese intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU).METHODS We conducted a retrospective study using data from 2,337 consecutive admissions to the ICCU at a large centre in China from June 2016 to May 2017.Data were captured after systematic inspection of individual medical records regarding current demographics,primary diagnosis,comorbidities,illnesses severity,and in-hospital outcomes.RESULTS The mean age was 65.6 ± 14.2 years,and females accounted for 32.0％ of patients.The Charlson Comorbidity Index and Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score were 2.4 ± 1.8 and 22.5 ± 10.4,respectively.The top reason for admission was ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (32.0％),and nonischaemic heart diseases accounted for 31.2％ of all primary diagnoses.Noncardiovascular diseases were prevalent in the ICCU population,including chronic illnesses and acute noncardiovascular critical illnesses (ANCIs);in particular,21.7％ of patients were marked by acute respiratory failure (14.6％),acute kidney injury (13.7％),sepsis (4.2％),or gastrointestinal bleeding (3.3％).The median length of stay in the ICCU and hospital were 1.1 days[interquartile range (IQR): 0.8-2.6 days]and 6.3 days (IQR: 3.8-10.9 days),respectively.The overall incidence of in-hospital death or discharge against medical advice under extremely critical conditions was 7.6％ (n =177).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the complexity of chronic illnesses and incident ANCIs were strong independent determinants for in-hospital outcomes.CONCLUSIONS Remarkable patient diversity and breadth of critical illnesses were observed in a Chinese ICCU population.Particularly,noncardiovascular diseases were prevalent and associated with adverse outcomes.Reformation of organization and staffing practices may be considered to adapt to the changed landscape.