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本文研究了岩石破碎的发展过程。实验观察表明,无论是凿岩、钻眼、截割、挖掘,还是滚压和研磨岩石,在工具侵入岩石的破岩过程中有跃进式侵入、承压核和破碎角稳定等共同规律。根据这三个基本规律建立的破岩机理模型,把破碎分成变形、裂纹源出现、承压核形成、承压核储能、径向裂纹和粉劈以及卸载等六个阶段。认为承压核是造成跃进式侵入和破碎角稳定的条件,跃进式侵入和破碎角稳定是承压核储能释放的结果。文中论述了加载和卸载的破碎作用,认为加载和卸载都能引起破碎,但后者是主要的,它占整个破碎量的80％以上。一种破碎方法的优劣,主要取决于它是否能充分利用卸载的破碎作用。
This paper studies the development of rock fragmentation. Experimental observations show that there is a common law of leaping intrusion, confined nucleation and breaking angle stability during rock breaking of tools intruding rock, whether drilling, drilling, cutting, excavating or rolling and grinding rock. According to these three basic laws, the rock breaking mechanism model is divided into six stages: deformation, crack source, pressure core formation, pressure core energy storage, radial crack and powder splitting and unloading. It is considered that the pressure core is the condition that causes the leaping intrusion and the fracture angle to be stable. The leaping intrusion and the fracture angle stability are the result of release of the pressurized nuclear energy storage. This paper discusses the crushing effect of loading and unloading, that can cause crushing both loading and unloading, but the latter is the main, which accounts for more than 80% of the total crushing amount. The pros and cons of a crushing method depends mainly on whether it can take full advantage of the crushing effect of unloading.