目的研究特发性尿毒症患者腹水感染病原菌的种类及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法通过回顾性调查,对某医院特发性尿毒症患者腹水标本细菌分离鉴定及药敏试验结果进行调查与分析。结果从病人腹水标本中共分离到病原菌128株,其中革兰阴性杆菌占59.4%;居前三位的细菌分别为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和粪肠球菌,构成比依次为28.1%、11.7%和10.2%。大肠埃希菌对青霉素类、头孢类和喹诺酮类抗菌药物有较高的耐药率;肺炎克雷伯菌和粪肠球菌对大部分抗菌药物比较敏感。结论特发性尿毒症患者腹水感染的病原菌以产超广谱β内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌为主,对临床常用抗菌药物普遍耐药。 Objective To study the types and drug resistance of ascites pathogens in patients with idiopathic uremia and provide references for clinical rational drug use. Methods Through retrospective investigation, the bacterial isolation and identification and drug susceptibility test results of ascites specimens of idiopathic uremic patients in a hospital were investigated and analyzed. Results A total of 128 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from ascites of patients, of which 59.4% were Gram-negative bacilli. The top three bacteria were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis, with the proportions of 28.1% , 11.7% and 10.2% respectively. Escherichia coli penicillins, cephalosporins and quinolone antibacterials have a higher resistance rate; Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis most of the more sensitive to antibiotics. Conclusion The main pathogens of ascites infection in idiopathic uremic patients are Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases, which are generally resistant to commonly used antibiotics.