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目的探讨高原与平原地区空军官兵心身健康的差异及其影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样方法在高原地区抽取某部空军官兵487人作为研究组,抽取平原地区某部空军官兵553人作为对照组。运用中国军人心身健康量表、军人社会支持量表及军人职业倦怠量表进行测评比较,使用SPSS 17.0进行t检验、相关和逐步回归分析。结果研究组在骨骼肌、呼吸系统、心血管系统、神经系统等躯体症状,睡眠状态、情绪状态、情感状态、语言状态、行为状态和焦虑等心理症状因子分均高于对照组(t=6.24~22.71,P<0.01)。相关分析结果显示,研究组军人心身健康总分及各因子分与职业倦怠(r=0.288~0.311,P<0.01)、社会支持(r=0.226~0.335,P<0.01)均呈正相关。回归分析结果显示,研究组军人社会支持和职业倦怠进入以心身健康为因变量的回归方程(t=6.551、5.817,P<0.05)。结论高原地区空军心身健康状况明显较差,社会支持缺乏和职业倦怠是高原空军官兵心身健康的影响因素。
Objective To explore the differences of mental and physical health of Air Force officers and soldiers and their influencing factors in the plateau and plain areas. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to extract 487 Air Force officers and soldiers in the plateau area as the research group and 553 air force officers and soldiers in the plain area as the control group. The Chinese military psychosomatic health scale, the military social support scale and the military occupational burnout scale were used for comparison. SPSS 17.0 was used for t-test, correlation and stepwise regression analysis. Results The scores of somatic symptoms, sleep status, emotional status, emotional status, language status, behavioral status and anxiety in the skeletal muscle, respiratory system, cardiovascular system and nervous system were significantly higher in the study group than those in the control group (t = 6.24 ~ 22.71, P <0.01). The results of correlation analysis showed that the total score of mental and physical health and the factors of servicemen in study group were positively correlated with job burnout (r = 0.288-0.311, P <0.01) and social support (r = 0.226-0.335, P <0.01). The results of regression analysis showed that the social support and burnout of servicemen in the research group entered the regression equation with psychosomatic health as the dependent variable (t = 6.551,5.817, P <0.05). Conclusion The mental health status of the Air Force in the Plateau is obviously poor. The lack of social support and job burnout are the influencing factors of the mental and physical health of the PLA Airmen.