墓葬是反映社会制度和生产发展状况的一个重要侧面,它所体现的社会性质,以及墓葬中的葬式、葬具和随葬品等等,都是研究当时社会历史的重要资料。历史是人创造的,作为创造历史的人,无疑在墓葬中留下他们的一些社会活动印迹。黄河流域新石器时代的仰韶文化墓葬,大都是和村落遗址分布在一起,有些墓就葬在村落遗址的范围内,有些则是葬在距村落遗址不远处的公共墓地。已发掘的仰韶文化墓葬,各墓排列纵横有序,其死者的头向及葬式基本都是一致的,这充分体现出氏族血缘纽带的关系,和比较平等的社会地位。这种体现在丧葬习俗上的共有的社会组织关系,表现在各墓排列纵横有序,其死者的 The tombs reflect an important aspect of the social system and the status of production and development. The social characteristics it represents and its burials, funerary objects and funerary objects are all important materials for the study of social history. History is created by man. As a man of history, he undoubtedly leaves some traces of their social activities in the tombs. The Neolithic Yangshao tombs in the Yellow River Basin are mostly distributed along with the site of the village. Some are buried within the site of the village, while others are buried in public cemeteries not far from the village site. The Yangshao cultural tombs have been excavated, the tomb arranged in an orderly manner, the deceased’s head and burial basic are the same, which fully reflects the clan blood ties, and more equal social status. This kind of common social organization embodied in the funeral customs is manifested in the vertical and horizontal arrangement of the tomb, the deceased’s