正如阿克顿勋爵所言:压迫是自由主义的学校,流放是民族主义的摇篮。晚清留学日美欧洲的新式知识分子,是最早开始重新建构中国民族认同框架的人,因为,与传统知识分子相比,他们具有更开阔的世界眼光,同时也在与“他国”、“他族”的交往中产生了民族意识和民族认同。 As Lord Acton put it, oppression is a liberal school and exile is the cradle of nationalism. The new intellectuals who studied in Japan and the United States and Europe in the late Qing dynasty were the earliest people who started to reconstruct the framework of national identity in China because they have a broader vision of the world than the traditional intellectuals and at the same time, “Other ethnic groups ” generated a national awareness and national identity.