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牙外伤是一种常见的口腔疾病，是指在突然的外力作用下，牙体硬组织、牙髓和（或）牙周组织发生急性损伤的一类疾病。本文以国际牙外伤协会恒牙牙外伤诊疗指南（2012年版）和美国牙髓病医师协会牙外伤诊疗指南（2013年版）为指导，结合临床实际，就口腔医师应掌握的牙外伤诊治指南及进展进行阐述，包括正确诊断、合理的治疗计划、规范的治疗并定期随访，更好地提高临床疗效。“,”Traumatic dental injury (TDI), one of the common dental diseases, is defined as acute injuries to tooth hard tissues, dental pulp and/or periodontal tissues caused by sudden forces. Based on the Guidelines for the Management of TDI by International Association of Dental Traumatology (2012) and the Recommended Guidelines of the American Association of Endodontists for the Treatment of TDI (2013) for the permanent teeth, and combined with the authors′ clinical experiences, the contemporary classification and clinical perspective of TDI were introduced in detail. Dental clinicians should understand and master the international guidelines for the management of TDI, including proper diagnosis, standardized treatments and regular follow-up, so as to obtain the favorable outcomes.